Famous women in science

Early civilization

• Merif Ptah
• Aglaonike
• Thearo
• Mery the jewess
• Hypatia of alexandra

Sciencetific revolution

• Margaret Cavendish
• Mana wilkelmann

Idustrial revolution

• Emile Chalelet
• Marie-ann Pierrette
• Caroline Herchel

19th century

• Mary Fairefox Somerville
• Oda Lady Lovelace

Astrology is a science?

no,Astrology is a group of beliefs,systems and tradition which hold that the relative position of celestial bodies and related details can provide information about personality affairs and other earthly matter .Few astrologers that the movement and position of the celestials bodies is influence in the life on earth.Astrology of science is not a science because it is a only a prediction of past,presents events and future events.

why science boom during Rennaissance?

Rennaissance,is the rebirthIt is the time of change that happend in europe between the 14 century and 16 century.It was a age of growth in europe new powerful city state that emerged a new middle class had more and more money to spend.great artist,writers and thinkers live during this time.there are many academies was occurs.

where came from the named milky way?

Milky way

On the Clear nigth,out te country away from the city lights,you will see a bright,but diffuse band band through the sky it will make a complete arc overhead .Look this band of light and think about how it looks.this was named by the greeks a ''galaxies kuklos"or the milky cycle .The romans changed in the named to ''via lactea''or the milky road or as we know call it milky way.

progress Geology

Progress in Geology


Modern geologist have increased mans knowledge of the earth in recent years.they have used the replected earthquake waves to see the different layer and the core of the earth.
Parts of the earth

• Crust
• mantle
• core

remarkable person

• Jean Andre de luce
• horace Benidict de suassare

Fossil fr. greek word fodere which means dig up

Contributors

Alfred Wergener

theory of continental drift

pangaea

Roberts Diets

propossed the hypothesis of the sea floor

Sk Rancorn

paleomagnetism from his findings that the contenents had move relatively to the earth magnetics poles.

Genc Shoemaker

lunar geologist

radiometric dating

to determine the age of the earth.

progress in medicine

Progress in medicine
Medicine is the science of diagnosing,treating or prevented disease and damage to the body or mind.
List of medical advances

• HPV vaccine
• robot doing surgeries
• face transplant surgery
• MRi and rtMs
• new drugs for treating cancer
• stem cell research
• I.t among DRs and patient
• human genome discoveries
• radioactive Isotopes

progress in Biology

Progress in biology
1900 to 1910-power of experimentation was demonstrations.
1928 antibacterial was discovered
Gregor Mendel
Mendel law of heredity
other discoveries

• structure and function of dna
• structure and functios of proteins
• discoveries of essential nutrient

1. carbohydrates
2. protein
3. fats
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. waters

different style of research

Difference in styles of Reseach
Progess in physics
Hans Oersted -electric current magnetic field
Michael Faraday-reverse effect
Joseph Henry-electromagnets and electric motor
Wilhelm Roentgen-X-ray
Marie and Pierre Curie-radioactivity
Progress in chemistry
Friedrich Wohler-inorganic
Liebig-chemical fertilizer
Mendeleev-Periodic table
Progress in astronomy
Sir William Hersehel uranus move in its expected orbit
Urban J.j leverrier-neptune
Progress in Biology
Karl van Baer-embrology
Charles Darwin-origin of species
Progress in medicine
Louis Pasteur -Method immunizing people
joseph lister-antiseptic surgery

My lesson plan

I.Objectives

at the end of the lesson,the students expected to gain the following compentencies;

1. to know and learn about the progress in science in 20th century.


2. to recognise the persons who contribute in the 20th century.


3. to appreciate the importance of invention in the 20th century.


4. to participate actively in class or lesson discussion.

II.Subject matter

A.Topic-The universal advanced in science in the 20th century

B.Reference

-history of science and technology

-http://experimentation.freewebspace.com/hicheyoo1.htm

-htt://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/altwentienth

c.materials

catolina

colored papers tape

III.Learning Strategies

.prayer

.greeting

.cheeking of attendance

B.Review the past lesson

C.Motivation:JeJe text

Direction:put out and hold all yours cellphone make sure that it has a load i will dictate to all of you my cellphone number the first one who can send to me the word or the sentence yours so beautiful will gonna have a reward or exempted to my quiz to day.

ok are you ready on count off 1' 2' 3.........my cellphone number is........

D.Lesson proper

Universal advance in Science in the 20th Century

20th century technology developed rapidly.Communication technology ,transportation technology,broad teaching and iomplemention of scientific method ,and increased research spending all contributed to the advance of modern science and technoogy.

20th century's most contributors

1.Pierre Duhem

he was french physicist, mathematician and philosophy of science.

• hydrodynamics
• thermodynamics

2.Rudolf Carnap

a german born philosopher

He was made impotant contribution;

• logic
• analysis of language
• theory of probability

3.Karl Popper

Modern philosopher

• falsifiability
• scientific method

4.Thomas kuhn

american physicist who wrote on the history of science.

• paradigm shifts

5Werner Heisenberg

1st used of formulation of quantum mechanics

20th century timeline

1900

zeppelin-by Suillivan

1st radio receiver

neon light -by Claude

1910

crossword puzzle-by Wynne

1920

robot artifial life begin

1930

stop action photography -by Edgerson

electron microscope-byMax knot

1940

jeep-by Karl Pabst

1950

video tape recorder-by Guinsberg

telivision -by Bard

1960

space war-1st computer video game

1970

floppy disk -BY Shugart

microprocessor-by Faggin

1980

mobile phones-by Dr Matin Looper

computer-by Charles Babages

1990

word wide web-by Tim Lee

IV.Generalization

Technology ,science and invention has progressed at an accelerated rate during the hundred years of the 20th century,more so than any other century.

V.Application

discuss to byour group ,those invention according to your needs and present to the whole class.

• radio
• television
• computer
• cellphone

VI.Valuing

what are the important of technology?

VII.Evaluation

A.Multiple choice

1.he was french physicist,mathematicians and philosopher of science

a.Rudolf Carnap

b.Pierre Duhem

c.karl Popper

2.he made the importnat contribution to logic,analysis of language and theory of probability.

a.Rudolf Carnap
b.Pierre DUhem

c.Karl Popper

3.he was used the formulation of quatum mechanics

a.Werner Heisenberge

b.Thomas kuhn

c.Thomas Edison

B.Indentification

4.who invented mobile phone

5.who invented computer

C.give the advantages and disadvantages of technology ?

PROGRESS IN ASTRONOMY

• THE 20TH CENTURY HAS BEEN A REMARKABLE PERIOD FOR ASTRONOMERS WITH NO SIGNS THAT THEY HAVE STOPPED MAKING FASCINATING NEW DISCOVERIES OR THAT THEY HAVE YET SOLVE ALL OF THE UNIVERSE MANY PUZZLES

ASTRONOMERS:
Henry Norris Russel

• showed that all the stars are going through a life cycle of birth, maturity and old age

Harlow Shapley

• used variable stars as yardstick to give the first good estimate of the enormous size of our own galaxy the "milky way"

Edwin Powell Hubble

• showed the some nebula's, faint and cloudy spots visible through telescope are actually extremely distant "island universe"

PROGRESS IN ASTRONOMY

• THE 20TH CENTURY HAS BEEN A REMARKABLE PERIOD FOR ASTRONOMERS WITH NO SIGNS THAT THEY HAVE STOPPED MAKING FASCINATING NEW DISCOVERIES OR THAT THEY HAVE YET SOLVE ALL OF THE UNIVERSE MANY PUZZLES

ASTRONOMERS:
Henry Norris Russel

• showed that all the stars are going through a life cycle of birth, maturity and old age

Harlow Shapley

• used variable stars as yardstick to give the first good estimate of the enormous size of our own galaxy the "milky way"

Edwin Powell Hubble

• showed the some nebula's, faint and cloudy spots visible through telescope are actually extremely distant "island universe"

science in 19th century

Science in the 19 th century
appears as a golden age,science expanded succesfully into new fields of inquiry ,including a combination of mathematics and experiment of physics,the application of theory of experiment in chemistry,and controlled experimentation in biology.
Science and technology

There are important break throughs in;

• iron and steel technology
• electricity
• weapons-machine gun ,bottle wagon,dynamite
• physics and chemistry
• siology,psychology and biology

Dalton

an english schoolmaster of an atoms were the smallest indestructible parts of matter.

Mendeleev

developed the table of elements

26th December 1948 -Radium by pierere and Marie Curie

Sigmund Frued-in psychology.explanation of human behavior

Charles Darwin-developed the theory of evolution.

science during rennaissance

Science During Rennaissance
Establishment of academies

• the academia dei Lincei in rome
• the academia Del cimiento in Florence
• the Royal Society in London
• the academy Des SCiences in paris

Book and Journals

• Jounal De savants of paris
• ACta Eruditorum of Liepzig

Great Treatises

• principia mathematica of sir Isaach Newton
• Traite De la lumiere of Huygens

Remarkable Scientist

1. Johanne Gutenberg -invention of printing press
2. German Cardinal Nicholas of cusa-exponent of value of expriment
3. Nicholas Capernicus-developed the heliocentric theiry using scientic method
4. Leonardo De Vinci -greatest artist of his time
5. Andres Versalius-modern human technology

The New Status of Greek Science

1. Simon Stevenious-decimal fraction
2. Galileo Galilei-telescope
3. Johann Kepler-move the the planet
4. Rene Descartes-inventor of graph
5. Paracelsus-alchamist and physician of rennassance
6. Francis Bacon improvised the scientific method
7. Sir Isaach Newton-discovered the gravity

chinese science

Chinese science
there has been more or less continuous contract between europe and china since classical greek times in spot of the distances between them and thier totally different language.
Silk road-an ancient rout linking china with rome.
Important Presons
Marco Polo-venetian traveler and author ,whose account of his travels and eperiences in china offered europeans a firsthand bview of asian lands and stimulated interest in asian trade.
Zu Chongzhi-5th century mathematicians who calculated the "pi" to sevent digit.
Liu Ju Hsieh-mathematicians descovered the "pascal's triangle"
Tao Chi'en-poet and philosopher who descover the elixir and the scince of medicine.

Four great inventions

• magnetic compass
• printing press
• gun powder
• paper making

Other invention

1.astronomy 1st planetarium made by emperor

Stellar explosion that took place in "crab nebula"
2.mathematics

• asian abacus
• "pi" was calculated in the seventh digit
• decimal system
• pascal"s triangle

3.military

• crossbow
• poison gases
• bamboo made canons
• rockets

4.medicine

• elixir of life
• acupuncture
• autopsy

indian science

Indian Science

• the indian civilization is about the oldest still alive ,and it achieved a high level of technology at an early stage.
• the history of sciece and technology in india begins with prehistoric human activity at Mehrgarh and continous through indus valley civilization (also called the bronze age civalization)to early states and empires
• the scince and technology in india has something to do with the folowing field;

a. Agriculture

The irrigation was developed in the indus valey civization by around 4500bc

b.Indian astrology

In indian theres is a long establish widespread belief in astrology and it is commonly used for daily life ;

regards to marriage

regards to career

regards to election process

c.Zinc and metallurgy

Zinc mines of zawar were active during 400bc

d.Mathematics

The used of negative numbers was known in india and their role in situationlike mathematicial problems of dept was understand .

The decimal number system originated in india .

List of indian inventions and descoveries

1.Atomism

Accoding to democritus

the term ''atomos''meaning on cottable or the smallest invisible particle of matter

DHARMAKIRTI AND DIGNAGA-indian philosopher and founder of Vaisheshika school of atomism;

1.piont sized

2.durationless

3.made of energy

CHANDRASEKHAR LIMIT AND CHANDRASEKHAR NUMBER-the novvel price in physics for hs work on stellar structure nd stellar evolution.

Quasars

A quasi-stellar radio source(quasars)is very enrgetic distant galaxy with an active galactic nucleus.They are most luminous object in the universe.Quasars were the 1st indentified as being highly redshift sources of electromanetic energy includng radio waves
and visible light ,that were point like similar to stars ,rather than extended sources similar to galaxy.

Islamic science

Islamic Science
culture is most relevant to european science.
Greek-arabic-latin-herbrew
The most characteristics arabic scientific development were in alchemy.
RHAZES -makes the the earliest known suggestion for furnishing a chemical laboratory
MATH

• arabic numerals- an indian system o numerical notation during 9th cenrtury
• PERSIAN MOHAMMED IBN MUSA AL_ KWARIZMI-where algorism ,which is a medieval word for arithmetic came from.Healso developed the process of rectification

ASTROLOGY_ASTRONOMY

-constant pre -accupation of the islamic world

TOLEDAN-the tables of proposition of stars which were down up 1080

MEDICINE

RHAZES-made the 1st distinction between measel and smallfox

AVICENNA-prince of phycsicians-vegetable drugs.

urban revolution

Urban Revlution

• a very important cultural transition began.
• general new needs and resourses and accompanied by the significant increase in a technological innovation.
• the beginning of the city

Categories in the urban revolution

1. crtafts men and scientist
2. copper and bronze
3. sea transportatin
4. irrigation
5. urban manufacturing
6. wheeled and vehicles
7. buildin

• summerian-1st to build columns with bricks
• egyptians-usaed stone to constract pyramids and temples

8.dissimination of technical knowledge

axiom and theorem

AXIOM and THEOREM
axiom or postulate is a proposition that is not proved or demonstration but considered self evident ....
Theorem is the statement which has be proven....

stone age

STONE AGE TECHNOLOGY

Earlist Community

• Live almost entirely in small nomadic communities
• surviving on his skills in hunting and fishing
• developed in tropical latitudes in africa
• move out into tropical region in the landmass of Eurasia

Niolithic Revolution

• increase of population
• beginning of the town life
• sometime called NIOLITHIC revolution
• used ;wood,bone,fur,leaves,grasses

STONE-material that give its name and technologicalunity

FLINT-popular stone for this purpose although finestone

FIRE-most important contribution of prehistoric to power technology

Tools and Weapon

• stone headed pear
• harpoon
• bow and arrow

Other devices invented

• pottres wheel
• drill and lathe
• wheel

Food production

• PALEONLITHIC;gathering fishing and hunting
• NEOLITHIC;agriculture and animal husbandry

Building tecniques

• primary tombs
• burial mounts
• sun dried bricks

Manufacturing

• grinding corn
• baking clay
• spinning textiles
• domestication of animal

astronomy

Astronomy

study of celestial bodies or objects such as ;star,planet,comets,and galaxies and its phenomena.

greek world''astron-star,''nomos-law''

During the 20th century,astronomy split into 2 major categories;physics and technology.

a.observational astronomy

focused in acquiring data from observation which analized by the aids of basics principles of physics.

b.Theoritical astronomy

oriented toward the development computer or analitical models to descrides astronomical objects and phenomena.

Some contribution of early civilization;

Babylonian-beginning of mathematical and scientific astronomy, they discovered the lunar eclipse recorded in repeating cycleknoun as ''saros''

Greek

Aristarcus-calculated the mass of the earth and meassure the distance of the moonand star,he also the 1st to proposed the hellcentric model of the solar system.

Hipparcus -invented the 1st and earliest known astronomical device such as''astrolabe''

Persian

Azophi-discover the andromeda galaxies and describe in the book of'' fixed of stars''.

Egyptians

Ali Ibn Ridwan-discovered the'' supernova''.

SOLAR SYSTEM INDIVIDUAL

1.inner planets -consist of mercury,venus earth and mars

2.asteriods pelts-composed of asteroids

3.outer planets-consist of giant gas planets, jupiter,uranus and neptune

STELLAR ASTRONOMY-study of star and its formation

EXTA GALACTIC ASTRONOMY-study the of object outside the galaxy

GALMETRIC-study of galaxies

Organization and distribution of galaxy

1.Eliptical Galaxy -cross sectional

2.Spiral Galaxy-flat rotating dish

3.Irregular galaxy-chaotic apperance

Definition
maybe a statement of the essential properties of a certain things or a statement of equivalence between one expression and another , usually more complex expression that give meaning.
A things is being defined is called DEFINIENDUM,the expressio which defined it is called DEFINIEMS
a. Lexical Definition
b.Intentional Definition
c.Extentional Definition
d.Contextual Definition
e.Stipulative Definition
f.Ostensive Definition
g.Precising Definition
h.Operational Definition

classification

Classification
distinction ,identification and organization of two or more items,information and facts according to thier similarities whichch are determine through comparison.
Platos theories of universal
1.universalia in -universal in the things
2.universalia ante rem -universal before the things
3.universalia post rem-universal after the things
Four different types of similarity
1.genetic similarity
2.structural similarity
3.functional similarity
4.aparrent similarity

the great philosipher us Pierre Duhem because he is a physicist, mathematician and great philosipher of science,best known for his on the indeterminacy of experimental criteria and the scientific development in trhe middle age.He also made a major contribution to the science of his day particullarly in the field of hydrodynamics and thermdynamics.

Thought
act of thinking
Concepts-it is ideas or mental images
Percepts-has views,reflection and impression

definition

Definition
maybe a statement of the essential properties of an certain things or a statement of equivalence between one expression that give meaning of the first.
a.lexical definition
b.extentional definition
c.intentional definition
d.contextual definition
e.stipulative definition
f.ostensive definition
g.precising definition
h.operational definition

Pascals triangles

PascalsTriangle-common name for the arithmetical triangle a sugestive arragement of the bionomial coeffecients(qv)in triangular form .it has many uses and sugest many truths in number theory and in statistics.

language

LAnguage

- is a symbol or sound thtat can use for communication.

-is an abstract of word meaning and symbol of all aspect of culture

knowledge

knowledge -define expertized and skills acquired by a person through experience or education.

4matter of facts
that something exist
that something can be known
that something with matter
that something include the foregoing statements
four branches of philosophy
1.ontology or theory of being
2.epistomology or theory of knowledge
3.axiology or the theory of value
4.llogic or the theory of inference

2 Major Philosophy
1.Theoretical philosophy-directs itselfs to knowing things as they are without thinking of application. It ultimate aim is knowledge of truth.
a.metaphysics -concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world.
b.ontomology -study of nature of being
c.cosmology -study of universe
d.psychology -study of human and animal behavior
f. epistemology -concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge
2.Practical philosophy -directs its concerned to things with are material and useful.
Its goal is not just finding the truth but acting on it .
a.semantics -study of languages
b.logic -study of reasoning
c.ethics -moral philosophy
d.axiology -study of quality of value
e.aesthetics -dealing with the nature of beauty

Deals in philosophy and science
Approach-science describe object of study part by part while philosophy attempt to do it comprehensively as s whole.
Scope-science trends to eliminate the personal factor and to ignore values in its drive from objectivity while philosophy interested in personality and realm of human experiences.
Nature-science aim to absorb nature and control process while philosophy it criticize evaluate and variou dimensions of life.

Function;
1. to carefully examine and criticize the premisses and conclusion of all sciences biology ,sociology,ect.and compare the assumptions and conclusion of different sciences when the results appear to be contradictory.
2. to synthesized findings
3.to harmonized and bring these in their sciences together to complement and to support one another.

What is the important of studying history of science?
-the history of science is very impotant,because reading about the past help us to understand the nature of science.We all know that all in this world is compose of science, to know the origin of of science and its field.We need to learn new things to reach sciencetific knowlege.

philosophy and science
-they aiming the systhematized the body of knowlege.
Aristotle -philosophy is a thinking with aims at maximum connected to the truth of all available experiences.
Brittle-philosophy is a science of beingin their ultimate reasons ,causes,principle acquired by the aid of numerus reason alone.
Ultimate goal
to seek the truth
Views of philosophy
Smith and Suler
1.it is a personal attitude towards life in the universe
2.a philosophy is a method of reflective thinking and reason in inquiry
3.attemp to gain of the view of a whole
4.philosophy is a group of problem as well the theory and the solution of the
problem.

me and my baby